A spectacular display of the northern lightsalso known as the Aurora Borealisis expected to be visible in large parts of the northern US this weekend. This comes after the Sun unleashed one of the most powerful solar flares in recent years, creating geomagnetic storms that could bring the colorful auroras further south than normal.

Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections: What Drives the Aurora?

The Northern Lights are typically caused by solar winds interacting with Earth’s magnetic field, but this weekend’s enhanced display is the result of a much more intense solar event. On October 2, 2024the sun released an enormous amount solar flareclassified as a X7.1 flarethe second largest eruption in seven years. This outburst was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME)– a huge burst of plasma and magnetic particles now heading towards Earth.

When these charged particles collide with the gases in Earth’s atmosphere, they create the vibrant colors associated with the Northern Lights. The size and power of this particular CME mean that the result geomagnetic storms will be stronger than normal. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has upgraded the event to a Storm at G3 levelwhich is the third most powerful on a scale reaching up to G5. As a result, the Northern Lights will not only be visible further south than normal, but are also expected to be brighter and more dynamic.

According to NOAAthese geomagnetic storms could continue Sunday October 6increasing the chances of Northern Lights sightings in the US. In addition to creating stunning visual effects, geomagnetic storms at this level can also impact electricity grids, satellite communicationsAnd navigation systemsalthough no major disruptions are expected at this time.

Where and when to see the Northern Lights

The Northern Lights are typically limited to areas at high latitudes, but during strong geomagnetic storms like this one the lights can be seen much further south. According to NOAA’s Center for Space Weather Forecastingthe northern lights will be most visible Friday October 4And Saturday October 5with the best viewing times in between 10:00 PM and 2:00 AM local time. However, depending on local conditions, the lights may still be visible before or after these hours.

Here is a list of US states where the Northern Lights are expected to be visible this weekend, weather permitting:

• Washington
• Oregon
• Idaho
• Montana
• Wyoming
• North Dakota
• South Dakota
• Minnesota
• Iowa
• Wisconsin
• Michigan
• New York
• Vermont
• New Hampshire
• Maine

When weather and viewing conditions are ideal, residents live as far south as Pennsylvania And Iowa can also catch a glimpse of the Northern Lights, although the best viewing will be in areas with clear skies and little light pollution. NOAAs Aurora forecast maps show that the lights can be visible until 620 miles away from the auroral zone.

For the best chance of seeing the Northern Lights, experts recommend traveling to an area far from the city lights, such as a hilltop or other high-altitude spot. Cloudy can obscure visibility, so checking local weather reports is critical. Although the Northern Lights are most visible near the poles, this weekend’s event will bring them much closer to home for millions of Americans.

How to prepare for a viewing

To increase your chances of witnessing the Northern Lights, it is important to follow a few key tips. First try to find a location that is far away artificial light– the darker the sky, the better. City lights and other forms of light pollution can reduce the brightness of the aurora, so rural or high-altitude areas are ideal for viewing.

Then plan your viewing around the most active times for the aurora. The best time to see the Northern Lights is generally between 10:00 PM and 2:00 AMbut they may be visible sooner or later depending on local conditions. If possible, try to watch during the peak activity hours for the best chance to see the brightest colors and movements in the sky.

Please note that even under ideal conditions the Northern Lights can be unpredictable. They may appear for a few minutes, then fade, only to return later. Patience is key: staying outside for a longer period of time gives you the best chance of getting a good picture. Dress warmly, bring something tasty and have a party!

What can you expect from this Northern Lights show?

The power of this weekend geomagnetic storm means viewers can expect a more vivid and widespread view of the Northern Lights than usual. The auroras often look glittering green and purple curtains of light, but stronger storms like this can also develop pink, red, yellowand even blue tones. The colors are determined by which gases in the atmosphere are excited by the solar particles. Oxygen typically produces green and red colors, while nitrogen gives off blue and purple tones.

As the solar particles collide with Earth’s atmosphere, they cause the lights to ‘dance’ across the sky, creating a dynamic and ever-changing image. According to NOAA, the auroras will be this weekend “Very beautiful to look at,” with lots of movement and bright colors. Stargazers can expect a dazzling light show, provided the weather cooperates.